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Background: Bipolar disorder appears to be related to anatomic abnormalities in medial temporal lobe, in particular amygdale, prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. Two recent MRI findings have supported a neuro developmental etiology of bipolar disorders.Methods: It was a cross-sectional comparative hospital based study. The subjects were recruited for the study by the purposive sampling technique. The study was conducted at the Institute of Mental Health and Hospital Mathura Road Agra. The study sample consisted of 20 bipolar disorder patients diagnosed as per ICD-10 DCR (WHO, 1992) criteria, 20 first degree relatives, one for each patient. Total sample size is 40.Results: It was observed that in bipolar patients’ maximum anomalies were seen in Mouth (0.35±0.48) head (0.30±0.57) followed by anomalies of eyes (0.25±0.55) hand (0.20±0.41) and ear (0.05±0.22). It was observed that in Bipolar FDRs maximum anomalies were seen in mouth (0.20±0.04) ear (0.15±0.45) head (0.1±0.3) and then anomalies of eye and hand in equal propensity (0.05±0.22) and least anomalies in feet (0.00±0.00).Conclusions: The rate of MPAs in bipolar patients was more than their FDRs but not statically significant. Both sibling groups had fewer MPAs than the patients. When viewed within a vulnerability-stress model, the results are consistent with the theory that MPAs may reflect early, largely extra-genetic, stressful events.
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Objective To explore the prevalence,socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of deficit schizophrenia in Chinese community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia. Methods Five hundred and three community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia were recruited in a cross-sectional study in Yuhua-tai District of Nanjing,and deficit schizophrenia was confirmed by Chinese version of the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome (SDS). Their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. All patients' psychopathology was assessed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results The current prevalence of community-dwelling patients with deficit schizophrenia was 0. 67‰. Deficit schizophrenia had significantly higher hospitalizations((2. 4±1. 3)times,(1. 9±0. 9)times),PANSS negative scores((28. 4± 8. 1),(17. 7±6. 3)),PANSS total score((96. 5±17. 3),(87. 3±18. 1)) than non-deficit schizophrenia(all P<0. 05),while non-deficit schizophrenia had higher currently smoking rate,positive scores,marriage per-centage and age of onset( all P<0. 05) . Further multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that male sex, age of onset,smoking and negative PANSS score were independently associated with deficit schizophrenia. Conclusion The study showed that deficit schizophrenia is very common in Chinese psychiatric outpatients. The results partially support deficit schizophrenia as an independent subtype of schizophrenia.
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Currently, aripiprazole, olanzapine and risperidone are three anti-psychiatry agents commonly used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Although the efficacy of these drugs is good, schizophrenia cannot be completely cured yet. Patients need long-term medication. The family members of patients may play a key role to understand the disease status of patients after patient discharge from hospital. PANSS is a commonly used scale in the clinic to evaluate the disease status and drug effects of anti-psychiatry agents. It was professionally written, and is not user friendly to amateurs. In the previous study, we developed a questionnaire for patient's family members to monitor the disease status. In this study, we explored the correlations between the results of questionnaire and 5 kinds of disease state corresponding to different PANSS score interval using the cumulative odds Logit model. The final results show that the model had relatively good prediction ability for aripiprazole, olanzapine and risperidone, suggesting that the questionnaire has an extensive prospect of clinical applications.
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Objective To study the effect of Shaoyao Gancao Grain on serum prolactin level in female schizophrenia patients with high prolactin induced by risperidone.Methods 100 patients were randomly divided into the control group 50 cases,which were given risperidone. The study group 50 cases,which were given Shaoyao Gancao Grain on the basis of the control group. The two groups were treated for 12 weeks. Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale,serum prolactin and Estrogen level were measured by immunohistochemistry before and after 12 weeks of treatenmt.Results After 12 weeks of treatenmt,serum prolactin levels were decreased in the study group than control group (46.28 ± 14.06 ng/mlvs. 117.89 ± 22.11 ng/ml;t=10.242,P0.05). ConclusionsShaoyao-Gancao grain can decrease serum prolactin level in female schizophrenia patients with high prolactin induced by risperidone,does not affect estrogen levels.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene variations on cognitive performance and clinical symptomatology in first-episode psychosis (FEP). METHODS: We performed BDNF val66met variant genotyping, cognitive testing (verbal fluency and digit spans) and assessments of symptom severity (as assessed with the PANSS) in a population-based sample of FEP patients (77 with schizophreniform psychosis and 53 with affective psychoses) and 191 neighboring healthy controls. RESULTS: There was no difference in the proportion of Met allele carriers between FEP patients and controls, and no significant influence of BDNF genotype on cognitive test scores in either of the psychosis groups. A decreased severity of negative symptoms was found in FEP subjects that carried a Met allele, and this finding reached significance for the subgroup with affective psychoses (p < 0.01, ANOVA). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, in FEP, the BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism does not exert a pervasive influence on cognitive functioning but may modulate the severity of negative symptoms.
OBJETIVO: Investigar a influência da variação do gene do fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF) no desempenho cognitivo e na sintomatologia clínica durante o primeiro episódio psicótico (PEP). MÉTODOS: Foram realizados a genotipificação das variantes Val66met do BDNF, o teste cognitivo (fluência verbal e repetição de dígitos) e as avaliações da gravidade dos sintomas (conforme avaliado pela Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS]) em uma amostra de pacientes com PEP de base populacional (77 com psicose esquizofreniforme e 53 com psicose afetiva) e 191 vizinhos controle saudáveis. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença na proporção de portadores do alelo Met entre pacientes com PEP e o grupo controle. Não houve influência significativa do genótipo do BDNF sobre a pontuação de cada um dos grupos psicóticos. Foi encontrada uma diminuição da gravidade dos sintomas negativos em sujeitos com PEP portadores do alelo Met, e essa descoberta mostrou-se significativa para o subgrupo com psicose afetiva (p < 0,01, ANOVA). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que, no PEP, o polimorfismo Val66Met do gene do BDNF não exerce uma influência importante sobre o funcionamento cognitivo, mas pode modular a gravidade dos sintomas negativos.
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics , Cognition/physiology , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Psychotic Disorders/genetics , Brazil , Genotype , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo analyze the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DISC1 gene.MethodsThe studied sample consisted of 528 patients with schizophrenia (264 males and 264 females) and 528 healthy controls (264 males and 264 females).Two function SNPs were selected and gcnotyped by Illumina Golden Gate assay.Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between patients and controls to assess the association to schizophrenia.The clinical features of the hospital first patients were further examined with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) before trcatment with antipsychotics.ResultsTwo SNPs were genotyped in subjects.A significant association was found between rs3737597 and schizophrenia in genotype (387:133:8,350:164:14) and allele frequencies (907:149,864:192,P＜0.05 ).Moreover,the haplotypes,A-A constructed from two SNPs showed significant differences between cases and controls ( P＜ 0.05).For rs821616,there were significant difference in positive syndrome score,delusions and poor rapport between patients with genotypes AA or not.ConclusionThis study describes a positive association between DISC(1) and schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population and DISC1 is the susceptible gene in schiz ophrenia.
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OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the validity of positive-negative dichotomy model by comparing the differences of neurocognitive function in the specific symptom subgroups of schizophrenia. METHODS: Factor analysis was performed on 14 items of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) among 71 inpatients with schizophrenia. All patients were assigned to one of specific symptom subgroups based on a ratio score and compared the neurocognitive distinction of each subgroups with normal control group, which was composed of 60 healthy persons without psychiatric illness. Neurocognitive functions include sustained attention, sensory register, executive function, attention and concentration, and verbal memory and learning obtained using Degraded Stimulus Continuous Performance Test, Span Apprehension Task, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Digit Span, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test respectively. RESULTS: Three factors, positive, negative and disorganized, were yielded from factor analysis on 14 items of the PANSS. Three symptom subgroups showed the differential neurocognitive profiles. Disorganized symptom subgroup showed significant deficits in the sustained attention, sensory register, executive function, attention and concentration, and verbal memory and learning compared with the normal controls. Negative symptom subgroup showed significant deficits in the sustained attention, sensory register, executive function, and verbal memory and learning. Positive symptom subgroup showed significant deficits only in the sustained attention and sensory register compared with the normal controls. No significant differences were noted in the sustained attention, sensory register, attention and concentration, and verbal memory and learning among three symptom subgroups. But the disorganized symptom subgroup showed a significant deficit in the executive function compared to the positive symptom subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: These results support that three symptom dimensions including disorganization may be more valid than the positive-negative symptom dichotomy in the dimensions of schizophrenic symptoms.
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Humans , Executive Function , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Inpatients , Learning , Memory , Schizophrenia , Verbal Learning , WisconsinABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We tested the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the PANSS (PANSS-KV). METHODS: The PANSS ratings were obtained from 101 subjects with DSM-IV diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder. To study the concurrent validity, the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) were also administrated in 38 patients. Using these data, inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, criterion validity and concurrent validity were evaluated. Factor structure was analyzed by the principal axis factoring. RESULTS: The inter-rater reliability of the Korean version of the PANSS was satisfactory in positive (r=0.92) and negative syndrome subscales(r=0.86), but somewhat low in general psychopathology subscale (r=0.78). The test-retest correlations for the 3 PANSS subscales ranged between 0.89 and 0.95, so it showed excellent test-retest reliability. The Cronbach's alpha for the positive, negative and general psychopathology subscales were 0.73, 0.84 and 0.74, respectively and thus the 3 subscales of the PANSS had good internal consistencies. All separate items revealed significant corrected item-total correlations in the positive and negative syndrome subscales, but some items of the general psychopathology subscale showed no or low corrected item-total correlations. The positive and negative syndrome subscales held a high concurrent validity in relation to the SAPS and the SANS. It was confirmed that positive and negative syndromes were independent constructs. The factor analysis by the principal axis factoring produced 5 components: cognitive, excitement, depression, positive and negative. CONCLUSION: These findings prove that the reliability and validity of the PANSS-KV are comparable to those of the original PANSS. So, the PANSS-KV can be widely and extensively used in researches for schizophrenia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Axis, Cervical Vertebra , Depression , Diagnosis , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Psychopathology , Psychotic Disorders , Reproducibility of Results , SchizophreniaABSTRACT
Objective:To study the reliability, validity of PANSS(Chinese version) and its implication.Methods:105 schizophrenic patients were recruited and were evaluated using PANSS. The principle component analysis and reliability analysis were used to study the factor structure and internal reliability, homogeneity among items.Results:Factor analysis resulted in a five-factor: negative, positive, excitement-hostile, anxiety/depression, cognitive defect. The internal consistency reliability was 0.87 (Cronbach ?). The internal consistency reliability of the 5 dimensions ranged from 0.74～0.90.Conclusion:The structure, validity and reliability of PANSS (Chinese version) are acceptable. PANSS can be used to assess the symptoms of schizophrenia in Chinese patients.